The reference materials listed below are an excellent source of information on the modulation transfer function, contrast transfer function, and optical transfer function as applied to microscopes and other optical systems, video systems, and photographic film.

Computer performance evaluation, MTF., Fischer, R. and Tadic-Galeb, B., in Optical System Design, SPIE Press (McGraw-Hill), New York, pages 193-201 (2000).

Electronic Imaging Components: Modulation transfer function., Edmund Scientific Company, Barrington, New Jersey, pages 9-10 (2000).

The modulation transfer function., Smith, W., in Modern Optical Engineering, SPIE Press (McGraw-Hill), New York, pages 366-392 (2000).

Transfer function analysis., Gu, M., in Advanced Optical Imaging Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, pages 73-107 (2000).

Deconvolution methods., Murray, J., in Cells: A Laboratory Manual, Spector, D., Goldman, R., and Leinwand, L. (eds), Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pages 96.13-96.19 (1998).

Physical optics of lens systems., Ray, F., in Applied Photographic Optics, 2nd Edition, Focal Press, Boston, pages 142-156 (1997).

Contrast and modulation transfer functions., Spring, K. and Inoué, S., in Video Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York, pages 37-48, 221-223, and 591-592 (1997).

The optical transfer function and the modulation transfer function., Castleman, K., in Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, pages 364-371 (1998).

Transfer functions., Hecht, E., in Optics, Addison-Wesley, New York, pages 543-550 (1998).

Microscopes: contrast generation., Inoué, S. and Oldenboug, R., in Handbook of Optics, Bass, M., Van Stryland, E., Williams, D., and Wolfe, W. (eds), McGraw-Hill, New York, pages 17.22-17.25 (1995).

Systems evaluation., Meyer-Arendt, J., in Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pages 180-188 (1995).

Use of test specimens., Centonze, V. and Pawley, J., in Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, Pawley, J. (ed), Plenum Press, New York, pages 558-563 (1995).

Evaluation: How good is this design?, Smith, W., in Modern Lens Design, McGraw-Hill, New York, pages 43-48 (1992).

Tolerances for non-diffraction-limited systems; definition of the optical transfer function., Twelford, W., in Aberrations of Optical Systems, Adam Hilger, New York, pages 249-260 (1991).

Image fidelity: characterizing the imaging transfer function., Young, I. in Methods in Cell Biology, Volume 30, Taylor, D. and Wang, Y. (eds), Academic Press, New York, pages 1-45 (1989).

Image contrast and optical transfer function., Pluta, M., in Advanced Light Microscopy: I. Principles and Basic Properties, Elsevier, New York, pages 361-373 (1988).

Modulation transfer function analysis in video microscopy., Hansen, E., Appendix II in Video Microscopy, Inoué, S., Plenum Press, New York, pages 467-475 (1987).

The modulation transfer function., O'Shea, D., in Elements of Modern Optical Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pages 227-227 (1985).

Reproduction qualities., Loveland, R., in Photomicrography: A Comprehensive Treatise, Vol. II, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pages 718-726 (1981).

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