Nuremberg Compound Microscope (circa 1744)


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Liquid Crystals Movies

Liquid Crystals Video No. 1 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 10.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.54 MB).

Liquid Crystals Video No. 2 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 10.2 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.28 MB).

Liquid Crystals Video No. 3 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 10.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.54 MB).

Liquid Crystals Video No. 4 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 10.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.69 MB).

Liquid Crystals Video No. 5 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 20x in this video. Playing time is 10.2 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.25 MB).

Liquid Crystals Video No. 6 - Liquid crystals in nematic phase is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 10.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.55 MB).

Liquid crystals are sometimes referred to as the "fourth state" of matter following gases, liquids, and solids. When the actual structure of liquid crystals is examined, however, the name becomes appropriate. Liquid crystals have order in only one or two directions, hence they are still able to flow like liquids but exhibit some order parameters like solids (or crystals). There is a wide spectrum of applications for liquid crystals ranging from simple thermometers to complex display screens for computers. Even biological systems employ liquid crystalline phases to help organize and condense processes such as chromosome formation.

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