English Drum Microscope (circa 1800s)


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DNA Movies

DNA Video No. 1 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 11.8 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.95 MB).

DNA Video No. 2 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 9.6 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.03 MB).

DNA Video No. 3 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 7.0 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.95 MB).

DNA Video No. 4 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 7.1 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (2.94 MB).

DNA Video No. 5 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 8.4 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (3.49 MB).

DNA Video No. 6 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 11.4 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.79 MB).

DNA Video No. 7 - DNA crystallization is observed under polarized light illumination at a magnification of 10x in this video. Playing time is 9.6 seconds. Choose a playback format that matches your connection speed: 28.8k (modem), 56.6k (modem), or T1/Cable/DSL, or download this video clip in MPEG format (4.04 MB).

In the laboratory, scientists usually investigate the physical and chemical properties of DNA in very dilute buffered aqueous solutions. However, in vivo, DNA exists in domains where the localized concentrations are very high, often exceeding 400-600 milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml) or 70 percent weight/volume. As the aqueous concentration of DNA is slowly increased, through evaporation of the aqueous solvent or by dialysis, the macromolecular solution undergoes spontaneous phase transitions to form at least three distinct liquid crystalline phases which are termed lyotropic phase transitions. This is due to the natural tendency of semi-rigid polymers to form liquid crystalline phases in concentrated solutions.

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