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Canine Hookworm
Hookworm infestation, known also as ancylostomiasis, is the most common and most serious endoparasitic infection of dogs in the tropics, and to a lesser extent with cats. Adult hookworms attach to small arteries within the intestines of the host and take blood meals directly. As a truly prolific egg producer, the female canine hookworm lays up to 30,000 ova per day, which are then passed into the environment via the animal's droppings.
The canine hookworm larvae hatch in soil where they develop and await a passing host to infest. Either the dog ingests dirt or more commonly, the larval hookworms enter the dog by penetrating the paws. Eventually the larval hookworms migrate within the body to the lungs, ascend the respiratory tract, and eventually are swallowed. They move down the digestive system until they reach the lining of the small intestine, where they attach and feed, starting the cycle once again.
With a typical three-week life cycle, infestation becomes particularly problematic in tropical or sub-tropical environs. Dogs suffering from hookworm loadings in their guts often experience weight loss, diarrhea, black and tarry stools, and severe anemia. Significant infestations may be fatal for puppies. Unlike some other hookworm species and other endoparasites, the canine hookworm can also infest humans.
Contributing Authors
Cynthia D. Kelly, Thomas J. Fellers and Michael W. Davidson - National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310.
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