The American dog tick is often the largest and most common type of tick found in localities across North America. Although it bears the name dog tick, this blood-sucking representative of the arachnids (spiders, tick, and mites) can feed on a wide-variety of mammalian hosts including dogs, coyotes, fox, skunks, cattle, raccoons, opossum, deer, squirrels, rabbits, chipmunks, and when given the opportunity, humans too. Blood meals are required before the parasite can emerge from its larval and nymph stages into adulthood. The digital image presented below is a high magnification oblique illumination view of the tick's hard exoskeleton.

Although American dog ticks are not vectors for Lyme disease, they are the primary carrier of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a serious threat to human health transmitted by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. As the tick and its host, domestic dogs, have moved across North and Central America into parts of South America, potentially fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever has followed along. Other diseases associated with American dog ticks are tularemia (rabbit fever), Colorado tick fever, and anaplasmosis. Tick paralysis is also possible when a neurotoxin produced in the tick's ovaries is secreted into the host's blood stream. Known to taxonomists as Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick is a member of the hard tick family, Ixodidae.

Dark brown with an irregular pattern of white markings between the main body and the head, mature American dog ticks have eight legs, as do other arachnids. Female ticks use sex pheromones as mate attractants. After the mature, fertilized female has her last blood meal and molts, she drops off the host, lays thousands of eggs in the soil, and then perishes. The hatchling, young six-legged nymphs (or seed ticks) crawl up twigs, weeds, and bushes to wait with open arms for a passing animal, using pheromones for host recognition. Without a host and subsequent blood meals, the questing seed ticks shortly die. The entire life cycle for this ectoparasite takes from three months to more than a year, with a two-year life cycle the norm in more northern states and Canada. While males may be only 0.125 inches in length, while an engorged female may range up to 0.5 inches long.

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