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Advanced Condenser Systems: Abbe Condensers
Oblique Transmitted (Hoffman-Style) Illumination
Malonic Acid
Malonic acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid with a methylene group separating the two carbonyl moieties. The diethyl ester of malonic acid is used in the syntheses of several vitamins, barbituates, and numerous other organic compounds. The free acid is rather unstable and has few uses other than being a biochemical diagnositic probe for intermediary metabolism.
Transmitted oblique illumination was obtained with a Hoffman-style substage condenser fitted with an offset aperture slit, which provides illumination from an oblique angle with respect to the optical axis of the QX3 microscope. Digital images were recorded with the QX3 interactive software operating from the Live View menu. In the case of birefringent specimens, a polarizer was added beneath the Hoffman condenser and an analyzer was placed in front of the QX3 lens cover. In some instances, a full-wave retardation plate was inserted between the specimen and the analyzer before capturing images.
BACK TO THE OBLIQUE (HOFFMAN) GALLERY
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