The Golgi apparatus, which is also known as the Golgi complex, was one of the first organelles ever identified with a light microscope. Indeed, the relatively large size and regular configuration of the Golgi apparatus makes it a very prominent cellular feature. Existing as a group of flattened sac-like structures known as cisternae, each of which is surrounded by a membrane, the appearance of the Golgi complex has often been compared to that of a stack of pancakes or pita bread. The number of cisternae in a Golgi stack varies and multiple stacks may be found in the same cell. In some types of cells, several Golgi stacks are connected to one another via tubular linkages, resulting in a sizable complex typically located near the centrosome adjacent to the nucleus. Vesicles concentrated in the area surrounding the Golgi apparatus are generally in the process of transferring material between the organelle and other cellular structures.

The close proximity between the Golgi complex and nuclei in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell culture illustrated above was probed in a double immunofluorescence experiment with mouse anti-NPCP (nuclear pore complex protein) and rabbit anti-giantin (Golgi complex) primary antibodies. The antibody targets were visualized with goat secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 568 and Alexa Fluor 488, respectively, while the actin cytoskeletal framework was labeled with Alexa Fluor 350 conjugated to phalloidin. Images were recorded in grayscale with a QImaging Retiga Fast-EXi camera system coupled to an Olympus BX-51 microscope equipped with bandpass emission fluorescence filter optical blocks provided by Omega Optical. During the processing stage, individual image channels were pseudocolored with RGB values corresponding to each of the fluorophore emission spectral profiles.