This tutorial explores the basics of Köhler illumination. To operate the tutorial, use the mouse to adjust the position of the light source and the size of the field diaphragm, using the controls on the right.

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The goal of Köhler illumination is to create a bright and even illumination around the specimen to be examined without illuminating any unneccessary areas or causing excess flare. This is achieved through aligning the light rays from the source so as they project onto certain planes, namely the plane of the field diaphragm and the plane of the specimen. Because of the converging nature of the light rays as they fall on the specimen and the fact that each light ray originated from a different point on the light source, an even illumination is achieved providing maximal resolution and contrast with only a minimum of flare.

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