In controlled drying experiments with high molecular weight calf thymus DNA, the liquid crystalline phases reach a maximum concentration of about 650 milligrams per milliliter, approximately the same density as observed in prokaryotic and viral genomes. The image above is a liquid crystalline DNA phase that reached the highest density observed with high molecular weight DNA. The DNA concentration for this specimen is approximately 600 milligrams per millimeter, and the magnification is approximately 150x. The digital image presented above was originally recorded on Fujichrome 64T transparency film using a Nikon Optiphot-Pol microscope with crossed polarized illumination. Exposures were recorded about 2.5 f-steps under the recommended value given by an in-camera photomultiplier and were push-processed approximately 1.5 f-steps in the first E-6 developer. |
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