High Density Liquid Crystalline DNA

High Density Columnar Hexatic Liquid Crystalline DNA

Three dark circles highlight this photomicrograph, which illustrates a highly striated focal conic high density liquid crystalline DNA phase. The circles are actually gas bubbles that formed during preparation of the specimen and are devoid of DNA. The DNA concentration for this specimen is approximately 450 milligrams per millimeter, and the magnification is approximately 350x. The digital image presented above was originally recorded on Fujichrome 64T transparency film using a Nikon Optiphot-Pol microscope with crossed polarized illumination. Exposures were recorded about 2.5 f-steps under the recommended value given by an in-camera photomultiplier and were push-processed approximately 1.5 f-steps in the first E-6 developer.

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